German Chancellor Angela Merkel in a Guest Column at ADAC Magazine (Germany's leading automobile club) identifies Measures for the 2009 Economy
ADAC Motorwelt is the club magazine of the ADAC, Germany's and Europe's leading automobile club with over 16 million members.
The January 2009 print issue (accessible digitally online only to members) of ADAC Motorwelt contains a guest column by Angela Merkel, the German Chancellor (the Chancellor is the CEO of the government), in which Merkel talks about the measures taken by the German government to deal with the 2009 economic recession, especially from the standpoint of automobile owners.
Perhaps the title of her column says it all, "Unser Land is robust" (Our Land is Robust).
Merkel points out that Germany has thus far not been as largely affected by the current financial credit crisis as other countries, because the German economy is very robust, not only due to the strength of innovation of its industry and the motivation and work-readiness of its work force, but also because of government programs which have focused on investment, reorganization and reform. Unemployment is down and Germany touts itself as the world's leading exporter.
Nevertheless, the current economic recession is also being felt in German exports.
Concrete measures have been taken to bridge the recession gap, including improvement of financial conditions for economic enterprises, by tax incentives and by more funds for the CO2 Building Renovation Program.
As far as car owners are concerned, investment in the expansion and modernization of streets and highways will increase in Germany in the next two years by two billion Euros to more than 11 billion Euros, thereby improving not only the traffic infrastructure but also providing many jobs in the construction industry.
The automobile industry is being supported by special measures geared to improve the sale of more modern and more environmentally friendly motor vehicles.
Anyone buying a new motor vehicle in Germany up to June 30, 2009 will be exempted from the payment of motor vehicle taxes for at least one year, and the exemption is extended to the end of the year 2010 if the car fulfills the Euro-5 or Euro-6 emission standards.
LawPundit posted previously about the necessity for America to learn from Europe in this economic sector, and as regards the recession, Germany is again leading the way.
Music and Culture : Elina Garanca - A New Mezzo-Soprano Star on the Opera, Symphony and Classical Music Recording Scene
Elina Garanca is a new mezzo-soprano star on the opera, symphony and classical music recording scene.
NEW RELEASE, JANUARY, 2009
To be released in January 2009 by Deutsche Grammophon ("Deutsche Grammophon is Classical Music") is Elina Garanca Bel Canto:

Already available are, for example, the following recordings:
Elina Garanca - Mozart Opera & Concert Arias:

Elina Garanca - Arie Favorite:

Elina Garanca - Aria Cantilena:

2009 Upcoming Performance Calendar (as taken from Elina Garanca) includes the Metropolitan Opera (New York City), Covent Garden (London), Berlin, Hamburg, Stuttgart, Vienna, Rome, Munich, Frankfurt, Duessdeldorf, Basel, Lodz, Valencia, Bilbao, San Sebastion, Villadoid - as follows:
"January 9, 12 - Octavian in R. Strauss's "Der Rosenkavalier", Staatsoper Vienna
January 16-27 European Concert Tour with Basel Chamber Orchestra:
January 16 - Basel
January 18 - Vienna
January 20 - Lodz
January 22 - Valencia
January 24 - Bilbao
January 25 - San Sebastian
January 27 - Valladolid
February 6 - Solo recital, Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, Portugal
March 2, 5, 7 - Romeo in Bellini's "I Capuleti e i Montecchi",
Covent Garden, London
March 13-25
Concert Tour in Germany:
[Added by LawPundit - 2009 concerts - tickets in Germany - to the following concerts:March 13 Hamburg - Laeiszhalle
March 16 Stuttgart - Liederhalle
March 18 Berlin - Philharmonie
March 20 Düsseldorf - Tonhalle
March 23 Munich - Philharmonie
March 25 Frankfurt - Alte Oper
Friday, March 13, 2009 8:00 p.m.
Laeiszhalle (Grosser Saal) in HAMBURG
Wedenesday, March 18, 2009 8:00 p.m.
Philharmonie (Grosser Saal) in BERLIN
Monday, March 23, 2009 8:00 p.m.
Gasteig (Philharmonie) in MÜNCHEN
Wednesday, March 25, 2009 8:00 p.m.
Alte Oper (Grosser Saal) in FRANKFURT AM MAIN]
March 30 - Romeo in Bellini's "I Capuleti e i Montecchi",
Covent Garden, London
April 2, 7, 11 - Romeo in Bellini's "I Capuleti e i Montecchi",
Covent Garden, London
May 1, 6, 9 - Angelina in Rossini's "La Cenerentola",
Metropolitan Opera, New York
May 20, 24, 27, 30 - Charlotte in Massenet´s "Werther",
Staatsoper Vienna
June 7, 10, 13 - Charlotte in Massenet´s "Werther",
Bayerische Staatsoper, Munich
July 29, 31 - Carmen in Bizet's "Carmen",
Terme di Caracalla, Rome
August 2, 7, 9- Carmen in Bizet's "Carmen",
Terme di Caracalla, Rome
October 3, 6, 10, 13, 17, 21, 24 - Carmen in Bizet's "Carmen"
Covent Garden, London
further approximate dates:
October 26 to Jan 2 (2010) - Muse, Nicklausse
in Offenbach's "Les contes d'Hoffmann",
Metropolitan Opera, New York"
This is NOT a paid advertisement but rather represents our interest at LawPundit in the voice of this rising young musical star who hails from Latvia.
The Financial Credit Crisis : Rescue in USA UK Germany : Paul Weiss publishes Reference Guide to Emergency Economic Stabilization Act (Bailout) & More
Our alma mater law firm, Paul | Weiss (Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP), headquartered in New York City, one of the top law firms in the world, has just issued its December 22, 2008 Reference Guide to U.S. Rescue Efforts in the current financial credit crisis.
See all the Paul | Weiss Financial Crisis Resources, which up to now include the following documents:
December 22, 2008 - Alerts and Memoranda: Summary of Term Sheets for Auto Industry Bailout
December 22, 2008 - Alerts and Memoranda: A Reference Guide to the U.S. Rescue Efforts
December 12, 2008 - Alerts and Memoranda: Disclosure Practices in Light of Current Market Conditions
December 12, 2008 - In The News: Mark Bergman Quoted in PEI Manager Article on Application of Fair Value
November 11, 2008 - Alerts and Memoranda: Five Things Every Director Should Know about Credit Default Swaps
November 6, 2008 - Alerts and Memoranda: Update: Issues and Implications of the Race to Regulate Credit Default Swaps
October 31, 2008 - Articles: Meredith Kane, Harris Freidus and Emily Carey Publish Article in New York Law Journal
October 30, 2008 - In The News: Marco Masotti Comments on Impact of Financial Crisis on Private Equity Fundraising
For the appropriate links, see the Paul | Weiss Financial Crisis Resources.
Key Secrets of Good Coaching & Leadership II : Winning 151 Football Games in a Row can be Taught & Learned :: Prepare Your Team : Recognize Priorities
This posting is Nr. II of a series about The Key Secrets of Good Coaching & Leadership : Winning can be Taught & Learned : Personnel : Recruiting : Mentoring : Preparedness.
How is it possible that Bob Ladouceur, the head football coach at De La Salle High School in Concord, California, won 151 straight football games from 1992 to 2003 and keeps winning at an incredibly high percentage rate?
Ladouceur's football coaching record is phenomenal, even though Ladouceur uncharacteristically just lost to Centennial High School of Corona - a team which runs a no-huddle spread offense quarterbacked by Husker bound QB Taylor Martinez - 21-16 in the California D-I State Championship Bowl Game (De La Salle won the previous year against the same opponent 37-31).
Quwan Spears writes:
"The orchestrater of De La Salle's stellar dynasty the last 30 seasons, Ladouceur, 54, needed one victory to become the all-time winningest coach in state history, according to Cal-Hi Sports.com record book.
He remains at 344 career victories (22 losses, 3 ties) in his illustrious career, one that includes a national record 151-game winning streak from 1992 to 2003, 24 North Coast Section titles and sixth mythical national championships (5 USA Today, 1 ESPN)."
Does anyone doubt that Ladouceur will break that record to start out the 2009 season?As written by Harold Abend at ESPNRISE.com, September 26, 2008, there are No secrets to De La Salle's success.
Abend quotes Ladouceur about his coaching philosophy on the topic of preparedness:
""Preparation is a high priority," said Ladouceur, whose teams regularly defeat opponents from schools twice their size. "It's also about offseason hard work. I tell the boys that in order to succeed you have to be working to get yourself into a position where success is possible.""
Ladouceur - in the things that he regards to be important for coaching - reminds of Larry Kehres, coach of the Mount Union Purple Raiders, who just won the NCAA Division III Football Championship for the 10th time in 16 years and who is famed for the quote, "without learning . . . there is no teaching." The onus of learning via teaching is thus on the coaches, not the players.
Abend quotes Ladouceur on this topic similarly. Says Ladouceur:
"My strength is in teaching. Plus, I have a feel for the physics and geometry of the game, and see how it applies on the field. . . ."
Moreover, Ladouceur is very similar to Larry Kehres in that he is well-known for being greatly interested in the welfare of the players, not just in winning. As Ladouceur says:
"[I]t's about being a positive part of so many young kids' lives."
People's lives are also a special area of interest to Centennial High School Coach Matt Logan, who bested Ladouceur in this year's championship game, and who was already elected Riverside County Coach of the Year last year. Logan had a personal tragedy to overcome as his young wife of 41 passed away last year from cancer, as written at the LA Times.
The Logan Crew website has a link to the Helping Hearts for Friends Foundation, set up by Matt Logan to provide financial support for families stricken by serious illness or injury.
Winning on the football field is important, but there are more important things. That recognition too is a secret of good coaching and leadership. It is also a good message to keep in mind as we enter the holiday season.
Khan of Khans Kagan recaptures cyberlawyer Lawrence Lessig who is leaving Stanford Law School to return to Harvard : HLS Leads Trend, but Quo Vadis?
Kagan (viz. khaghan or khakhan) in Mongolian means "khan of the khans" or "emperor" and Elena Kagan of Harvard Law School is befitting that approximate appellation well in her capacity as Dean of HLS (Harvard Law School). HLS has now stocked up its professorial assets for the 20th time under Kagan's reign by hiring a tenured professor from another law school, in this case Stanford Law School's (SLS) Lawrence (Larry) Lessig, who left Harvard Law School some years ago to migrate to SLS, but has now been rehired by HLS. Capitalism is free markets, right?
As we previously wrote - long before the recent US Presidential election - about the unmistakable "Harvard" trend:
"The emerging Ivy League dominance, especially that of Harvard, the nation's oldest (or second oldest) law school, depending on the source used, is a significant barometer for the impending state of the world of the future."
This now not only applies to Harvard Law School but also to its graduates, as e.g. a certain Harvard Law School grad named Barack Obama will be leading the way forward - to an as yet unknown destination.
Hat tip to Martha Neil at the ABA Journal.
But in any case, to return to the Boston that Lessig is also returning to, we might take a look at the very appropriate "Charles Dickens's first visit to the New World", as described at Magazine Antiques, September, 2003, by Gloria Deak (this is just an excerpt), which not only gives us a view of a fledgling Boston, but also of reciprocal copyright law in the United States at that time:
"Boston was a city that Dickens genuinely admired ... and it probably set up expectations for him that were not fulfilled in other parts of the country. He responded joyfully to the environment of intellectual refinement provided by Harvard College.... His Boston visit prompted some passing remarks on the subject of transcendentalism, a philosophical concept then popular among New England's Brahmans, although a mystery to most of the population....
From Boston, the novelist made an excursion to nearby Lowell, Massachusetts, which occasioned his first ride on an American train....
As he wended his way south toward New York City in February 1842, Dickens gained the impression that most of the New England towns through which he passed were disconcertingly cloaked in an aspect of newness . . . A lack of historical layering and the sense of a culture living determinedly in the present, proved to be a characteristic of the New World that was ever disturbing to the novelist during the course of his travels.... In Hartford, Connecticut, Dickens felt the first unexpected blows to his ego and the start of a disenchantment with the United States from which he never fully recovered. At issue was the refusal by the United States to enter into a reciprocal agreement on copyright with England; the absence of such an agreement meant that the publishers in this country were freely issuing Dickens's novels without paying royalties to him, and without providing compensation to his British publishers. That the United States steadfastly declined to honor a copyright law rankled the young author, on both his own behalf and that of fellow writers....
Interestingly, we only learn of this heated reaction through letters; Dickens mentions not a word of the copyright affair in American Notes. He wanted to wait, it appears, for the protective distance of a fictional account before he gave vent to his outrage.... When The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit was published a year later, it was abundantly anti-American."
[emphasis added by LawPundit]
Marriott on the Move : The Blog of CEO J.W. Marriott, Jr. Talks about the Economy and Marriott Hotels in 2009
Did you ever stay at a Marriott hotel?
J.W. Marriott, Jr., Chairman and CEO of Marriott International, Inc.,
has a blog at Marriott on the Move in which Arne Sorensen, chief financial officer, presents
Reflections on the Economy and Marriott's Prospects for 2009
and talks about RevPAR (revenue per available room), a key performance measuring stick in the hotel industry.
Hotels are a good economic indicator, so it is interesting to note that Marriott hotels expect a somewhat lower RevPAR in 2009 but on the whole are optimistic about the future.
Attached to the Marriott blog posting is of course the mandatory legal disclaimer and we include it here as well since we are not touting the Marriott hotels here but merely find it interesting that the CEO has a blog and that there are significant postings at that blog. Here is the disclaimer from Marriott's blog:
"Note: The foregoing contains "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of federal securities laws, including statements concerning the number of lodging properties we expect to add in the future; anticipated future debt levels; cash expected to be generated by our timeshare business; and similar statements concerning anticipated future events and expectations that are not historical facts. We caution you that these statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including the depth and duration of the current slowdown in the lodging industry and the economy generally; supply and demand changes for hotel rooms, vacation ownership, condominiums, and corporate housing; competitive conditions in the lodging industry; relationships with clients and property owners; the availability of capital to finance hotel growth and refurbishment; and other risk factors identified in our most recent quarterly report on Form 10-Q; any of which could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in or implied by the statements herein. These statements are made as of December 9, 2008, and we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise."
We find the necessity to post such disclaimers idiotic as a matter of law because they just fill bandwidth with legal boilerplote gobbledygook that has ZERO impact on anything because it goes without saying that these caveats apply to all businesses anywhere in the world - caveat emptor. Requiring every business to append such disclaimers is just - to repeat - idiotic, and lawmakers are responsible for this idiocy. Perhaps passing a law merely requiring the words CAVEAT EMPTOR - NO GUARANTEES at the end of any forward-looking statement would be sufficient. Or a mere citation to a general boilerplate-containing law should be sufficient, e.g. THE DISCLAIMERS IN THE LAW ON FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS APPLY.
As the current recession shows, the job of the legal community should be to police the economy and pay attention to what is being done by economic enterprises, rather than to concentrate on having firms issue voluminous disclaimers about their statements, disclaimers which no one reads (who has the time to read them?) and which just clog the information highway.
One of the problems we currently have in the world is in fact that well-meaning but clueless legislators and regulatory administrators think that such measures have any significant impact on the economy or that they somehow protect the consumer, which they do not. Who reads the EULA (End-User License Agreement) before installing a software program? Probably almost no one. To be effective, you legislate an EULA law which covers all software and get rid of these bandwidth-hogging superfluous legal boilerplate paragraphs. The same holds for forward-looking statements by companies.
Otherwise, down the road, we will have an Internet that consists to 1/3 of information and to 2/3 of disclaimers about that information.
Law and Romanettes : Blondes, Brunettes or Redheads? US Supreme Court Chief Justice Roberts Learns a New Word
You mean you are in law and do not know what a romanette is?
OK, neither did we.
Here is the answer from Wikipedia:
- 2008, United States Supreme Court oral argument, United States v. Hayes, Case no. 07-608, page 9,
- MS. SAHARSKY: . . . not looking at this Romanette (i) and (ii), but just looking at that sentence.
- CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS: Romanette?
- MS. SAHARSKY: Oh, little Roman numeral.
- CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS: I've never heard that before. That's -- Romanette.
Hiring a Good Coach is Half the Battle: Buffalo Head Football Coach Turner Gill is on the Radar of Auburn and Syracuse
Here is the AP headline at ESPN:
"Buffalo's Gill on wish list for Syracuse, Auburn after unlikely MAC title
BUFFALO, N.Y. -- Buffalo coach Turner Gill, fresh off an improbable Mid-American Conference title, is a candidate for coaching vacancies at Syracuse and Auburn."
Here is what we wrote in September 2006 (three football seasons ago) at SportPundit:
"This posting is especially geared to all of our friends in Waterloo and the Finger Lakes District of New York State. Great football is coming your direction. "Husker" football has arrived.
In our opinion, Buffalo University has hit the jackpot with their new football coach.
The University of Buffalo recently hired former Nebraska Cornhusker quarterback and former NU assistant coach Turner Gill as the head coach of the Buffalo Bulls, who went 1-10 in 2005. Gill came to Buffalo directly from the Green Bay Packers. In addition the Bulls will have Brian Mohnsen (University of Nebraska 1991 graduate) as coach of the linebackers."
We understand what makes a great coach.
Read the rest here.
Underwater Megaliths at Atlit-Yam Israel Deciphered as Ancient Astronomy
I received an email recently alerting me to the fascinating megalithic underwater site of Atlit-Yam in Israel.
The Israel Antiquities Authority writes:
"The site of Atlit-Yam is situated some 200-400 m offshore, at a depth of 8-12 m and extends over an area of ca. 40000 m2....
Megalithic Installation
I have been able to decipher this megalithic structure as a Planisphere of the Heavens:

The megalithic structure at Atlit-Yam shows the heavens from Scorpio to Canis Minor (it could be Canis Major if Canis Major was seen as being within the Milky Way), specifically including those star groups, as well as Sagittarius, Ophiuchus, Corona Borealis, Boötes, Virgo, Leo, Gemini, Auriga, Perseus, Cassiopeia, Cepheus, Cygnus, Aquila, Ursa Major and Draco. All of the stars represented are WITHIN the elllipse of the Milky Way and the outer wall of the megalithic structure represents that Milky Way.
Cross-posted from LexiLine : History of Civilization.
THE YPPSYS DIVISION I-A FBS PRE-BOWL COLLEGE FOOTBALL RATINGS and RANKINGS for the 2008 SEASON on December 9, 2008: After 15th WEEK
THE YPPSYS DIVISION I-A FBS PRE-BOWL COLLEGE FOOTBALL RATINGS and RANKINGS for the 2008 SEASON on December 9, 2008
________
THE YPPSYS DIVISION I-A FBS COLLEGE FOOTBALL RATINGS after Week 15 of play.
NAYPPA (net average yards per play advantage) is calculated according to CFBSTATS.COM.
Schedule Difficulty is the ranking according to Massey Ratings.
One-tenth (a multiple of .10) of the schedule ranking (rounded up or down) is subtracted from the NAYPPA of Division I-A FBS schools. For each loss .2 is deducted from the NAYPPA. For Division I-AA FCS and Division II the schedule difficulty multiple is .15 and for Division III schools the multiple is .2. Note that we have changed the formula here in the last week for Division II.
Note that if a team allows 5 or more yards per play on defense an additional .1 is subtracted from the NAYPPA; if 6 yards per play or more are allowed, then .2 is subtracted,; if 7 yards per play or more are allowed, then .3 is subtracted. MOV means "margin of victory" ranking according to the Massey Ratings, but we do not use it here in the calculations.
1 point of rating difference = 9 points on the scoreboard.
TEAM | yards/play cfbstats.com offense defense advantage NAYPPA | SCHed. difficulty times 1/10 subtract from NAYPPA | Won-Lost .2 per loss subtract from NAYPPA | MOV (just for fun) | YPPSYS Composite Rating | YPPSYS Div. I-A FBS Ranking |
| USC | 6.6,3.4,3.2 | 40 | 11-1 | 5 | 2.6 | 1 |
| Florida | 7.2,4.4,2.8 | 18 | 11-1 | 3 | 2.4 | 2 |
| Oklahoma | 7.1,5.1,2.0 | 3 | 12-1 | 1 | 1.7 | 3 |
| Penn State | 6.6,4.2,2.4 | 67 | 11-1 | 6 | 1.5 | 4 |
| Boise State | 6.6,4.2,2.4 | 94 | 12-0 | 7 | 1.5 | 5 |
| Texas Tech | 7.1,5.5,1.6 | 12 | 11-1 | 4 | 1.2 | 6 |
| Texas | 6.6,5.2,1.4 | 4 | 11-1 | 2 | 1.1 | 7 |
| Oklahoma State | 7.2,5.4,1.8 | 24 | 9-3 | 11 | 0.9 | 8 |
| Alabama | 5.7,4.2,1.5 | 42 | 12-1 | 8 | 0.9 | 9 |
| Georgia | 6.8,5.1,1.7 | 22 | 9-3 | 17 | 0.8 | 10 |
| TCU | 5.4,3.8,1.6 | 41 | 10-2 | 12 | 0.8 | 11 |
| Missouri | 7.1,5.3,1.8 | 23 | 9-4 | 13 | 0.7 | 12 |
| Georgia Tech | 6.1,4.8,1.3 | 20 | 9-3 | 21 | 0.5 | 13 |
| Utah | 5.7,4.7,1.0 | 53 | 12-0 | 10 | 0.5 | 14 |
| Oregon | 6.5,4.9,1.6 | 57 | 9-3 | 14 | 0.4 | 15 |
| Mississippi | 6.1,4.6,1.5 | 38 | 8-4 | 23 | 0.3 | 16 |
| California | 5.8,4.4,1.4 | 39 | 8-4 | 28 | 0.2 | 17 |
| Ohio State | 5.5,4.4,1.1 | 52 | 10-2 | 9 | 0.2 | 18 |
| Ball State | 6.9,5.3,1.6 | 112 | 12-1 | 22 | 0.2 | 19 |
| West Virginia | 5.8,4.6,1.2 | 34 | 7-4 | 34 | 0.1 | 20 |
| BYU | 6.4,5.1,1.3 | 69 | 10-2 | 29 | 0.1 | 21 |
| Cincinnati | 5.6,4.7,0.9 | 54 | 11-2 | 15 | 0.0 | 22 |
| Iowa | 5.8,4.4,1.4 | 64 | 8-4 | 26 | 0.0 | 23 |
| Florida State | 5.5,4.7,0.8 | 14 | 8-4 | 24 | -0.1 | 24 |
| Clemson | 5.3,4.4,0.9 | 13 | 7-5 | 32 | -0.2 | 25 |
| Nebraska | 6.5,5.9,0.6 | 11 | 8-4 | 17 | -0.4 | 26 |
| Tulsa | 7.3,5.9,1.4 | 114 | 10-3 | 58 | -0.4 | 27 |
| North Carolina | 5.3,4.9,0.4 | 7 | 8-4 | 31 | -0.5 | 28 |
| Houston | 7.3,5.7,1.6 | 99 | 7-5 | 66 | -0.5 | 29 |
| Boston College | 4.7,4.3,0.4 | 15 | 9-4 | 27 | -0.6 | 30 |
| Oregon State | 5.8,5.2,0.6 | 27 | 8-4 | 19 | -0.6 | 31 |
| Pittsburgh | 5.3,5.0,0.3 | 29 | 9-3 | 20 | -0.7 | 32 |
| Connecticut | 5.2,4.7,0.5 | 41 | 7-4 | 39 | -0.7 | 33 |
| South Florida | 5.6,4.7,0.9 | 55 | 7-5 | 54 | -0.7 | 34 |
| Troy | 5.7,4.4,1.3 | 118 | 8-4 | 59 | -0.7 | 35 |
| Miami of Florida | 5.1,4.8,0.3 | 10 | 7-5 | 37 | -0.8 | 36 |
| Rutgers | 6.2,5.4,0.8 | 49 | 7-5 | 38 | -0.8 | 37 |
| Wisconsin | 5.7,5.0,0.7 | 62 | 7-5 | 44 | -1.0 | 38 |
| Kansas | 5.9,5.7,0.2 | 16 | 7-5 | 30 | -1.1 | 39 |
| Maryland | 5.3,5.1,0.2 | 19 | 7-5 | 47 | -1.1 | 40 |
| LSU | 5.4,5.0,0.4 | 43 | 7-5 | 52 | -1.1 | 41 |
| Illinois | 6.2,5.2,1.0 | 58 | 5-7 | 68 | -1.1 | 42 |
| Northwestern | 5.0,4.8,0.2 | 71 | 9-3 | 33 | -1.1 | 43 |
| Nevada | 6.6,5.8,0.8 | 75 | 7-5 | 57 | -1.1 | 44 |
| Arizona | 5.6,4.9,0.7 | 80 | 7-5 | 41 | -1.1 | 45 |
| Baylor | 5.9,5.3,0.6 | 9 | 4-8 | 55 | -1.2 | 46 |
| Wake Forest | 4.4,4.6,-0.2 | 5 | 7-5 | 36 | -1.3 | 47 |
| Virginia Tech | 4.5,4.9,-0.4 | 8 | 9-4 | 25 | -1.3 | 48 |
| South Carolina | 4.7,4.7,0.0 | 25 | 7-5 | 40 | -1.3 | 49 |
| Michigan State | 5.1,5.3,-0.2 | 37 | 9-3 | 18 | -1.3 | 50 |
| Western Michigan | 6.1,5.6,0.5 | 105 | 9-3 | 45 | -1.3 | 51 |
| Tennessee | 4.5,4.1,0.4 | 35 | 5-7 | 74 | -1.4 | 52 |
| Navy | 5.8,5.5,0.3 | 77 | 8-4 | 39 | -1.4 | 53 |
| Vanderbilt | 4.3,4.9,-0.6 | 28 | 6-6 | 60 | -1.5 | 54 |
| Notre Dame | 5.0,5.0,0.0 | 36 | 6-6 | 63 | -1.5 | 55 |
| Air Force | 5.0,5.0,0.0 | 65 | 8-4 | 50 | -1.6 | 56 |
| Virginia | 4.6,4.9,-0.3 | 2 | 5-7 | 56 | -1.7 | 57 |
| East Carolina | 5.0,5.0,0.0 | 79 | 9-4 | 48 | -1.7 | 58 |
| Arkansas State | 6.0,5.2,0.8 | 119 | 6-6 | 109 | -1.7 | 59 |
| Rice | 6.4,6.4,0.0 | 103 | 9-3 | 46 | -1.8 | 60 |
| Arkansas | 5.5,5.6,-0.1 | 30 | 5-7 | 72 | -1.9 | 61 |
| N. Carolina State | 5.1,5.7,-0.6 | 6 | 6-6 | 42 | -2.0 | 62 |
| Hawaii | 5.3,5.3,0.0 | 66 | 7-6 | 78 | -2.0 | 63 |
| Arizona State | 4.9,4.8,0.1 | 68 | 5-7 | 77 | -2.0 | 64 |
| Fresno State | 5.8,5.9,-0.1 | 81 | 7-5 | 71 | -2.0 | 65 |
| Bowling Green | 5.3,5.1,0.2 | 96 | 6-6 | 81 | -2.1 | 66 |
| Southern Miss | 5.7,5.5,0.2 | 100 | 6-6 | 82 | -2.1 | 67 |
| Northern Illinois | 5.4,5.1,0.3 | 106 | 6-6 | 88 | -2.1 | 68 |
| Florida Atlantic | 5.9,5.6,0.3 | 107 | 6-6 | 98 | -2.1 | 69 |
| Stanford | 5.4,5.6,-0.2 | 48 | 5-7 | 69 | -2.2 | 70 |
| Akron | 5.7,5.5,0.2 | 90 | 5-7 | 96 | -2.2 | 71 |
| Ohio | 5.6,5.1,0.5 | 102 | 4-8 | 110 | -2.2 | 72 |
| L.-Lafayette (ULL) | 6.6,6.2,0.4 | 117 | 6-6 | 100 | -2.2 | 73 |
| Colorado State | 5.6,6.1,-0.5 | 44 | 6-6 | 83 | -2.3 | 74 |
| New Mexico | 4.9,5.0,-0.1 | 46 | 4-8 | 104 | -2.3 | 75 |
| Buffalo | 5.5,5.9,-0.4 | 83 | 8-5 | 53 | -2.3 | 76 |
| Louisiana Tech | 5.2,5.5,-0.3 | 89 | 7-5 | 89 | -2.3 | 77 |
| Purdue | 5.0,5.2,-0.2 | 45 | 4-8 | 90 | -2.4 | 78 |
| Auburn | 4.5,4.9,-0.4 | 61 | 5-7 | 86 | -2.4 | 79 |
| Central Michigan | 5.7,6.1,-0.4 | 97 | 8-4 | 62 | -2.4 | 80 |
| Kansas State | 5.8,6.2,-0.4 | 50 | 5-7 | 84 | -2.5 | 81 |
| Minnesota | 5.0,5.6,-0.6 | 78 | 7-5 | 61 | -2.5 | 82 |
| San Jose State | 4.4,4.8,-0.4 | 87 | 6-6 | 108 | -2.5 | 83 |
| Wyoming | 4.6,4.9,-0.3 | 72 | 4-8 | 128 | -2.6 | 84 |
| Kentucky | 4.5,5.1,-0.6 | 73 | 6-6 | 80 | -2.6 | 85 |
| Memphis | 5.7,5.9,-0.2 | 111 | 6-6 | 106 | -2.6 | 86 |
| Duke | 4.4,5.4,-1.0 | 1 | 4-8 | 76 | -2.7 | 87 |
| Colorado | 4.5,5.5,-1.0 | 17 | 5-7 | 70 | -2.7 | 88 |
| Florida Int'l | 4.9,5.0,-0.1 | 113 | 5-7 | 120 | -2.7 | 89 |
| Louisville | 5.3,5.9,-0.6 | 74 | 5-7 | 102 | -2.8 | 90 |
| Marshall | 5.1,5.4,-0.3 | 84 | 4-8 | 117 | -2.8 | 91 |
| Temple | 4.8,5.2,-0.4 | 86 | 5-7 | 87 | -2.8 | 92 |
| Kent State | 5.8,5.9,-0.1 | 110 | 4-8 | 115 | -2.9 | 93 |
| Toledo | 5.3,5.5,-0.2 | 93 | 3-9 | 133 | -3.0 | 94 |
| Mid. Tennessee | 5.1,5.4,-0.3 | 115 | 5-7 | 127 | -3.0 | 95 |
| Texas A&M | 5.3,6.4,-1.1 | 21 | 4-8 | 93 | -3.1 | 96 |
| Michigan | 4.4,5.3,-0.9 | 31 | 3-9 | 97 | -3.1 | 97 |
| Utah State | 5.1,5.8,-0.7 | 47 | 3-9 | 129 | -3.1 | 98 |
| UCLA | 4.2,5.1,-0.9 | 51 | 4-8 | 99 | -3.1 | 99 |
| UTEP | 6.0,6.6,-0.6 | 88 | 5-7 | 101 | -3.1 | 100 |
| UNLV | 5.2,6.2,-1.0 | 56 | 5-7 | 103 | -3.2 | 101 |
| Mississippi State | 4.2,5.1,-0.9 | 59 | 4-8 | 105 | -3.2 | 102 |
| New Mexico State | 5.3,5.6,-0.3 | 98 | 3-9 | 151 | -3.2 | 103 |
| Indiana | 5.2,5.8,-0.6 | 76 | 3-9 | 134 | -3.3 | 104 |
| Syracuse | 4.7,5.9,-1.2 | 32 | 3-9 | 112 | -3.4 | 105 |
| UCF | 3.6,4.7,-1.1 | 95 | 4-8 | 123 | -3.7 | 106 |
| Army | 4.5,5.6,-1.1 | 82 | 3-9 | 131 | -3.8 | 107 |
| UAB | 5.6,6.6,-1.0 | 109 | 4-8 | 124 | -3.9 | 108 |
| Iowa State | 5.5,6.7,-1.2 | 60 | 2-10 | 130 | -4.0 | 109 |
| Eastern Michigan | 5.5,6.6,-1.1 | 101 | 3-9 | 132 | -4.1 | 110 |
| Western Kentucky | 4.6,5.4,-0.8 | 116 | 2-10 | 195 | -4.1 | 111 |
| San Diego State | 4.8,6.2,-1.4 | 63 | 2-10 | 148 | -4.2 | 112 |
| L.-Monroe (ULM) | 5.2,6.5,-1.3 | 120 | 4-8 | 135 | -4.3 | 113 |
| SMU | 5.4,6.5,-1.1 | 85 | 1-11 | 183 | -4.4 | 114 |
| Tulane | 5.0,6.3,-1.3 | 91 | 2-10 | 176 | -4.4 | 115 |
| Miami of Ohio | 4.7,6.3,-1.6 | 104 | 2-10 | 160 | -4.8 | 116 |
| Idaho | 4.8,6.6,-1.8 | 92 | 2-10 | 188 | -4.9 | 117 |
| Washington | 4.0,6.6,-2.6 | 26 | 0-12 | 189 | -5.5 | 118 |
| Washington State | 3.9,6.5,-2.6 | 70 | 2-11 | 162 | -5.7 | 119 |
| North Texas | 4.9,7.1,-2.2 | 108 | 1-11 | 211 | -5.8 | 120 |
| TEAM | NAYPPA | Schedule | Won-Lost | MOV | YPPSYS Rating | |
| Other Divisions (playoff teams remaining) Division I-AA FCS | includes playoff games if stats available | x 1.5/10 | ||||
| James Madison | 1.3 | 121 | 12-1 | 35 | -0.7 | |
| Richmond | 1.3 | 124 | 11-3 | 51 | -1.2 | |
| Montana | 0.7 | 142 | 13-1 | 43 | -1.6 | |
| Northern Iowa | 0.8 | 151 | 12-2 | 79 | -1.9 | |
| Division II | x 1.5/10 | |||||
| Minnesota-Duluth | 3.0 | 274 | 14-0 | 75 | -1.1 | |
| NW Missouri St. | 1.8 | 171 | 13-1 | 67 | -1.0 | |
| Division III | x 2/10 | |||||
| Mary Hardin-Baylor | 2.1 | 375 | 12-1 | 240 | -5.6 | |
| UW-Whitewater (defending champ) | 2.0 | 310 | 12-1 | 207 | -4.4 | |
| Mount Union (perennial champ) | 5.0 (!) | 402 | 13-0 | 140 | -3.0 | |
| Wheaton (Illinois) | 1.6 | 400 | 11-2 | 287 | -6.8 | |
| NAIA | x 2/10 | |||||
| Carroll College of Montana (NAIA) (defending champ) | 2.3 | 271 | 14-0 | 169 | -3.1 |
Which is the Best Team in the Land? It all Depends on Who Plays Whom : Offensive and Defensive Strengths and Weaknesses Result in Paradox Outcomes
Who is the best college football team in the land? and how can it be that team A beats team B, team B beats team C, and then team C beats team A? Maybe there is often no true national champion but simply a mix of top teams.
A good example here is the triumvirate of games in the 2008 college football season between Texas, Oklahoma and Texas Tech, where Texas beat Oklahoma, Oklahoma beat Texas Tech, and Texas Tech beat Texas. What accounts for this?
In some cases it is simply serendipity chance, but in others, it can be explained very simply by looking at the matchups in terms of each team's strengths and weaknesses.
A strong running team, for example, will run over a team having the best pass defense in the country, but a weak rushing defense. A strong passing team, on the other hand, can beat a team with a weak pass defense, even if that same team is otherwise superior.
For example, the Texas Longhorn loss to the Texas Tech Red Raiders during the current football season was not a fluke in this context, as we examine the football statistics for the 2008 college football season that we recently posted. Texas is clearly the stronger team in almost all statistical categories, but it has one of the weakest pass defenses among the top teams. This does not match the Longhorns well against top passing teams like Texas Tech.
If we want to know how a super team like the Florida Gators lost to the good - but clearly not as good - Mississippi Rebels, we find the answer in the statistic that Florida, which ranks nationally at the top in nearly every statistical category, ranks number two in the nation in yards per play gained on rushing offense, whereas Mississippi, otherwise not ranked that highly in any other statistical category, ranks number two in the nation in yards per play allowed on rushing defense.
Hence, facing stiff running defense, Florida lost three fumbles to Mississippi, which cost them the ball game 31-30 in which they were otherwise clearly the dominant team, outgaining Ole Miss 443 yards to 325. But the Gators gained only 124 yards rushing against the Rebels as compared to their average of 237 yards per game (10th in the nation).
Consider that, even though Alabama beat Mississippi 24-20, Mississippi outgained the Crimson Tide, 350 yards to 326. As written about that game by AP Sports Writer John Zenor, "The Tide has the league’s top running game and rush defense, but was outgained 158-107 on the ground."
But the Rebel passing defense is weaker, so that a good passing team like South Carolina could beat them, 31-24.
Accordingly, in analyzing any given college season, and any game in the regular season or any postseason bowl, one has to look at the matchups very closely in terms of the head-to-head battle between offenses and defenses.
Texas, for example, would fare well against Alabama because of the Longhorn's strong running defense and strong passing attack. Their own main weakness, a weak passing defense, would not hurt them much against the Crimson Tide, since Alabama is not a strong passing team.
Similarly, against Alabama, USC would fare quite well as the Trojans are ranked at the top in both rushing and passing defense, while their own not overly potent offense would not be a great hinderance to them against a team with a much weaker offense.
Florida, on the other hand, which relies on its strong rushing game, could have more trouble with Alabama than expected this weekend, because the Gators have to reckon with achieving much less rushing yardage than normal, which then has to be made up for in the passing game, where Florida ranks only 61st in the nation in total passing yardage, i.e. no better than average. However, the Gators rank 5th in the nation in yardage gained per pass play, so that the potential is there to pass more in order to counter the expected stiff resistance on the ground.
Leaders Unite! A Worldwide Online Community for Leadership Research : SSRN (Social Science Research Network) announces MRN Leadership Research Network
In case you did not know it, the leading download at SSRN, referenced below, is 'I've Got Nothing to Hide' and Other Misunderstandings of Privacy, by Daniel J. Solove, George Washington University Law School. Join SSRN (for free) to download it.
__________
We just received the announcement below from MRN, the Management Research Network at SSRN, the Social Science Research Network, concerning the creation of LRN, the Leadership Research Network, a worldwide community for research in leadership.
We pass it on to you in the certainty that it will interest many of our LawPundit subscribers and readers (we have removed the email links in order not to serve the email spammers and have added some emphasis in text size and color for important points):
"Announcing New MRN Leadership Research Network....
We are pleased to announce the creation of the Leadership Research Network (LRN) within the Management Research Network. It will provide a worldwide, online community for research in all areas of leadership studies, following the model of other subject matter networks within SSRN.
We expect LRN to become a comprehensive online resource for research in leadership studies, providing scholars with access to current work in their field and facilitating research and scholarship.
LRN's founding directors are:
Nitin Nohria, Richard P. Chapman Professor of Business Administration and Senior Associate Dean and Director of Faculty Development at the Harvard Business School
Rakesh Khurana, Marvin Bower Professor of Leadership Development at the Harvard Business School
See below for a complete list of LRN Advisory Board members.
Initially, LRN will begin with the following 7 subject matter eJournals, and subscriptions will be free during the start-up phase until June 2009.
MODELS OF LEADERSHIP
View Papers: http://www.ssrn.com/link/Models-of-Leadership.html
Subscribe: http://hq.ssrn.com/jourInvite.cfm?link=Models-of-Leadership
Editors: Nitin Nohria and Rakesh Khurana (both of Harvard University - Organizational Behavior Unit)
Description: Models of Leadership includes working and accepted papers examining leadership in the following topics: Attributes of Leaders; General Theories of Leadership; Leadership Behavior; Leadership, Management, & Authority; Leadership Teams; Levels of Leadership; and Types of Leadership. ML Other Models of Leadership contains materials relevant to models of leadership that are not included in the prior topics.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF LEADERSHIP
View Papers: http://www.ssrn.com/link/Comparative-Studies-Leadership.html
Subscribe: http://hq.ssrn.com/jourInvite.cfm?link=Comparative-Studies-Leadership
Editors: Nitin Nohria and Rakesh Khurana (both of Harvard University - Organizational Behavior Unit)
Description: Comparative Studies of Leadership includes working and accepted papers examining leadership in the following topics: Comparative Organizational Studies of Leadership (across different organizational settings that vary by size, life-stage, industry, for-profit or not-for-profit, private or public sector, etc.); Cross Cultural Studies of Leadership (variations across national cultures); and Diversity Studies of Leadership (variations across race, gender, and other demographic categories). CSL Other Comparative Studies of Leadership includes papers that do not fit in the prior topics.
CONSEQUENCES OF LEADERSHIP
View Papers: http://www.ssrn.com/link/Consequences-of-Leadership.html
Subscribe: http://hq.ssrn.com/jourInvite.cfm?link=Consequences-of-Leadership
Editors: Nitin Nohria and Rakesh Khurana (both of Harvard University - Organizational Behavior Unit)
Description: Consequences of Leadership includes working and accepted papers examining leadership in the following topics: the Performance Consequences and other Intended Effects of Leadership (such as increased commitment, a greater sense of purpose and meaning, a stronger commitment to values, etc.); Evil Leadership, which is aimed at accomplishing ends that violate the moral, ethical, or legal codes of a group, culture, society, or governmental authority (Although it is traditional in scholarly research to avoid normative judgments about what is good, bad, or undesirable, it handicaps our ability to analyze leadership if we refuse to deal with these issues. In dealing with them we must, however, be clear as scholars what values we are dealing with, that is with what group, culture, society, or governmental authority are the moral, ethical or, legal codes associated. And we must be specific as to the content of those codes); and Unanticipated and Unintended Consequences of Leadership (such as dependency of followers, suppression of alternate perspectives, difficulties for successors, etc.) CL Other Consequences of Leadership includes papers that examine the performance consequences of leadership that do not fit in the prior topics.
LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT
View Papers: http://www.ssrn.com/link/Leadership-Development.html
Subscribe: http://hq.ssrn.com/jourInvite.cfm?link=Leadership-Development
Editors: Nitin Nohria and Rakesh Khurana (both of Harvard University - Organizational Behavior Unit)
Description: Leadership Development includes working and accepted papers examining leadership in the following topics: Becoming a Leader, Developing Leaders, and LD Other Leadership Development, which contains materials relevant to leadership and development that are not included in the prior topics.
LEADERSHIP SELECTION & COMPENSATION
View Papers: http://www.ssrn.com/link/Leader-Selection-Compensation.html
Subscribe: http://hq.ssrn.com/jourInvite.cfm?link=Leader-Selection-Compensation
Editors: Nitin Nohria and Rakesh Khurana (both of Harvard University - Organizational Behavior Unit)
Description: Leadership Selection & Compensation includes working and accepted papers examining leadership in the following topics: Compensation of Leaders, Selection of Leaders, and LSC Other Leadership Selection and Compensation, which contains materials relevant to leadership selection and compensation that are not included in the prior topics.
LEADERSHIP EDUCATOR: COURSES, CASES, & TEACHING
View Papers: http://www.ssrn.com/link/LRN-Educator.html
Subscribe: http://hq.ssrn.com/jourInvite.cfm?link=LRN-Educator
Editors: Nitin Nohria and Rakesh Khurana (both of Harvard University - Organizational Behavior Unit)
Description: Leadership Educator: Courses, Cases, & Teaching of leadership including: Case studies in leadership, Courses in leadership (course materials including syllabi, exams, exercises, and lectures), and EDU Other Leadership Educator: Courses, Cases, & Teaching, which contains materials relevant to the teaching of leadership or courses in leadership that do not fit in the prior topics.
LEADERSHIP PROFESSIONAL & PRACTITIONER
View Papers: http://www.ssrn.com/link/LRN-Professional-Practitioner.html
Subscribe: http://hq.ssrn.com/jourInvite.cfm?link=LRN-Professional-Practitioner
Editors: Nitin Nohria and Rakesh Khurana (both of Harvard University - Organizational Behavior Unit)
Description: The Leadership Professional welcomes thoughtful contributions by other professionals interested in leadership, including practitioners and consultants, to promote a dialogue across theory and practice. Contributions can include surveys of leadership, as well as papers and other intellectual products that deal with any of the issues outlined above.
HOW TO SUBSCRIBE
You can subscribe to the eJournals by clicking on the "subscribe" link listed below the each journal's name. You can also subscribe to all of the eJournals at once by clicking here: http://hq.ssrn.com/jourInvite.cfm?link=LRN-all-inclusive-journal.
Individual subscriptions to the LRN eJournals will be free during the start-up phase, ending June 2009. After that, individual subscriptions, for all LRN eJournals, will be $60 per year. Organization Site Subscriptions will also be available.
You can modify your subscriptions by going to the SSRN User HeadQuarters: http://hq.ssrn.com....
LEADERSHIP RESEARCH NETWORK ADVISORY BOARD
The members of the Leadership Research Network (LRN) Advisory Board are:
Bruce J. Avolio
Clifton Chair in Leadership, UNL Director, Leadership Institute Senior Research Scientist, University of Nebraska at Lincoln - Management Department
Ronald Burt
Hobart W. Williams Professor of Sociology and Strategy, University of Chicago - Graduate School of Business
Jennifer Chatman
Paul J. Cortese Distinguished Professor of Management, University of California, Berkeley - Organizational Behavior & Industrial Relations Group
Jay Conger
Henry R. Kravis Research Chair in Leadership Studies, Claremont Colleges - Claremont McKenna College
Paul DiMaggio
Professor of Sociology and Public Affairs, Princeton University - Sociology Department and Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs
Walter A. Friedman
Research Fellow; Co-Editor of the Business History Review, Harvard University - Entrepreneurial Management Unit
Marshall Ganz
Lecturer in Public Policy at the John F. Kennedy School of Government; Lecturer on Social Studies, Harvard University - John F. Kennedy School of Government
Mauro F. Guillen
Dr. Felix Zandman Professor in International Management; Professor of Management and Sociology, Director, Joseph H. Lauder Institute for Management & International Studies, University of Pennsylvania - Management Department
Donald C. Hambrick
Smeal Chaired Professor of Management, Smeal College of Business, The Pennsylvania State University
Herminia Ibarra
Cora Chaired Professor of Leadership and Learning, INSEAD - Organisational Behavior
Mansour Javidan
Dean of Research and Garvin Distinguished Professor, Thunderbird School of Global Management, University of Calgary - Haskayne School of Business
Michael C. Jensen
Jesse Isidor Straus Professor of Business Administration, Emeritus, Harvard Business School; Senior Advisor, The Monitor Company; Chairman, Social Science Electronic Publishing (SSEP), Inc.
Barbara Kellerman
James McGregor Burns Lecturer in Leadership, Harvard University - John F. Kennedy School of Government
Roderick M. Kramer
William R. Kimball Professor of Organizational Behavior, Stanford Graduate School of Business
Morgan McCall
Professor of Management and Organization, University of Southern California - Marshall School of Business
Joel M. Podolny
Dean, Yale School of Management
Deborah Rhode
Ernest W. McFarland Professor of Law, Stanford Law School
Michael Useem
William and Jacalyn Egan Professor, Professor of Management, Director - Center for Leadership and Change Management, University of Pennsylvania - Management Department
Laura Veldkamp
Associate Professor of Economics, New York University, Stern School of Business
Manfred F.R. Kets de Vries
Clinical Professor of Leadership Development; Raoul de Vitry d'Avaucourt Chaired Professor of Leadership Development; Director - INSEAD Global Leadership Centre (IGLC), INSEAD - Entrepreneurship and Family Enterprise
SUBMITTING PAPERS TO SSRN
Authors are invited to submit papers to the eLibrary without charge through SSRN's User Headquarters at http://hq.ssrn.com.
Additionally, departments, centers, and other institutions may host their own institutional Research Paper Series to showcase and distribute faculty research....
SSRN's eLIBRARY
SSRN's searchable electronic library contains abstracts, full bibliographic data, and author contact information for more than 212,400 papers, over 104,100 authors, and full text for more than 172,900 papers. The eLibrary can be accessed at http://papers.ssrn.com.
Authors may upload papers to the eLibrary without charge through the SSRN User HeadQuarters at http://hq.ssrn.com. All author-uploaded papers are available for worldwide free downloading.
Downloads from the SSRN eLibrary in the past 12 months total approximately 6.5 million, with approximately 24.8 million downloads since inception. Downloads are currently running at a rate of 7 million per year.
SSRN's PROFESSIONAL DIRECTORY
Searching on an individual's name in the author field on our search page at http://papers.ssrn.com provides the best single professional directory of scholars in accounting, economics, finance, law, and management. Complete contact information for authors, including email, postal, telephone, and fax information, is available there.
SSRN's DOWNLOAD POLICY
SSRN provides worldwide free access to all papers included in all of our institutional Research Paper Series and all other papers uploaded to the eLibrary directly by an author.
SSRN's MISSION
SSRN's objective is to provide rapid, worldwide distribution of research to authors and their readers and to facilitate communication among them at the lowest possible cost. In pursuit of this objective, we allow authors to upload papers without charge. And, any paper an author uploads to SSRN is downloadable for free, worldwide.
Sincerely,
Michael C. Jensen
Director
Management Research Network
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